Posted: May 17th, 2022

Teenage Date Rape in America

Paper Instruction

Title: Teenage Date Rape in America

Case Analysis and Strategies of Intervention Plan
Part 1– Case Analysis:
This paper requires students to do library research on one form of trauma that people experience. Forms of trauma include, but are not limited to: assault, accidental injury, exposure to war, rape, life threatening illness, domestic violence, child sexual or physical abuse, kidnapping, torture, and threats to one’s life or physical well-being.
Homework help – Discuss the consequences of the type of traumatization you have chosen as the focus of your paper. What tends to happen to people who experience this form of trauma? You are looking to describe the consequences of this type of trauma for the urban individual, family, community, or culture. Here are some questions to consider:
o What are the demographics for this population and/or how pervasive is the problem?
o Identify if this is a simple or complex trauma and why.
o Are there particular groups who are more vulnerable?
o What factors of the trauma are most influential in the severity of symptoms?
o What is the particular range of reactions to this trauma?
o What communities and systems could be impacted and/or involved?

Include at least 6 references from the professional literature; 4 of these must be from current professional journals in social work, psychology, psychiatry, or other closely related fields. Internet sources may be used in addition to these 6 sources. Use APA format to cite all references. This section should be 6-8 pages in length.

Part 2– Strategies of Intervention Plan:
• Identify two of the most effective, evidenced based practice treatment models utilized for survivors of this form of trauma
• Why are these approaches the most effective?
• What modalities are used?
• Homework help – Discuss the phases of recovery for survivors as they apply to treatment
• What are potential barriers to accessing treatment for your population group?

Include at least 8 references from the professional literature; 6 of these must be from current professional journals in social work, psychology, psychiatry, or other closely related fields. Internet sources may be used in addition to these 8 sources.
Paper Writing Service – Topic Examples – Rubric
Case Analysis & Strategies of Intervention Plan
Case Analysis & Strategies of Intervention Plan
Research Topics – Criteria Ratings Pts
Consequences of Traumatization Exceeds Expectations
10.0 pts Meets Expectations
9.0 pts Meets Some Expectations
8.0 pts Does Not Meet Expectations (0-7 pts)
7.0 pts
10.0 pts
References for Part I Exceeds Expectations
10.0 pts Meets Expectations
4.0 pts Meets Some Expectations
3.0 pts Does Not Meet Expectations (0-2 pts)
2.0 pts
5.0 pts
Strategies of Intervention Exceeds Expectations
10.0 pts Meets Expectations
9.0 pts Meets Some Expectations
8.0 pts Does Not Meet Expectations (0-7 pts)
7.0 pts
10.0 pts
References for Part II Exceeds Expectations
10.0 pts Meets Expectations
4.0 pts Meets Some Expectations
3.0 pts Does Not Meet Expectations (0-2 pts)
2.0 pts
5.0 pts
Clarity of Writing Exceeds Expectations
10.0 pts Meets Expectations
9.0 pts Meets Some Expectations
8.0 pts Does Not Meet Expectations (0-7 pts)
7.0 pts
10.0 pts
Total Points: 50.0

Teenage Date Rape in America
Part 1-Case Analysis
Date rape can be defined as a non-consensual sexual engagement between two or more individuals who understand each other. Thus, it could happen between study partners and friends as well as people in a relationship. Regarding teenage victims, date rape is a major section of sexual assault in the United States criminal justice system. According to Sinozich and Langton (2014), in 2004, about 44% of the overall rape and assaults were registered among persons below the age of 18 years. It is also recorded that around 80% of teenage rape victims knows their sexual attackers well (Sinozich & Langton, 2014). Most instances of teenage date rape occur after they adolescents consume drugs and alcohol. Most victims are always reluctant to report the cases of date rape because it is illegal to use drugs and drink alcohol since they are underage persons. As a result, the aspects of teenage date rape should be addressed well to offer long-term solutions to such incidents in the United States.
The direct consequences of teenage rape traumatization include increased fear of sexual relations. People, who tend to experience trauma as the result of teenage date rape, have long term sufferings and negative attitude towards marriage and relations (Lutnick et al., 2015). It is useful for teenagers to understand the risks of being sexually assaulted on a date. Such actions would be useful in promoting the awareness of teenage date rape and potential sexual assaults.
In the United States, 332,400 victims of age 12 and older of sexual assault and teenage rape are reported each year (Lutnick et al., 2015). This report also indicates that every 97 seconds, a teenage person is being raped (Lutnick et al., 2015). The research further shows that younger people are the demographic most at risk of this kind of sexual violence. Thus, 15% of these individuals have undergone this trauma at the ages between 12 and 17 (Darnell et al., 2015). The percentage of teenage rape trauma is 54% higher at the age of 18-34, but when individuals get older, the percentage decreases to about 3% for those at age of 65 and above (Darnell et al., 2015). At the same time, in every six American women, one has been a victim of rape. The teenage date rape problem has been pervasive since 1998 as 17.7 million women in America have been victims of rape, and most of these are young women (Darnell et al., 2015).
Date rape is a complex trauma since perpetrators premeditate and plan to violate and exploit their victims. Complex trauma is also caused by individuals on each other regardless of the fact that they are strangers or family members. Teenage date rape is also classified as a complex trauma since it is an adversity faced by young people of different religions, communities, sexual minority groups, and societies around the globe (Sinozich & Langton, 2014). Some of these rape cases that occur during early childhood have been known to cause stress reactions in the victim during their development. In such cases, rape becomes the foundation, from which additional traumatic experiences make a victim suffer even more.
In the United States, marginalized and minority women are the most vulnerable part of population when it comes to rape. They are also the population that faces greater obstacles when there is a need in getting protection services. Additional factors, such as class, disability, and race, increase the vulnerability of teenage at dates. Thus, the research of Darnell et al. (2015) showed that minority women are seen as undeserving of protection and sexually available. Poor women are also at a disadvantage as they are deemed unworthy of protection. Sexual workers have a high risk of being raped due to the nature of their job since legal systems do not offer them much protection. These vulnerable groups of victims may not report the cases as they feel that they will not be believed.
The most vulnerable groups for teenage date rape are college-aged young women, women, who engage in drugs and alcohol abuse, and college students. Dorahy et al. (2013) record that 27% of teenage date rapes occur among college-aged women, while around 50% of such cases are reported among college students, and around 15% occurs in teenagers engaging in drug and alcohol abuse (Dorahy et al., 2013). The increase in the prevalence of teenage date rape is associated with various risk factors. They include the attitudes of people towards sexual assaults, the use of drugs, contextual factors, the demographics features of women, and their initial victimization. Thus, date rape among college students is usually permissible to women (Iverson, King, Cunningham, & Resick, 2015). Such a situation has become possible because teenagers perceive teenage date rape as more permissible than rape cases by strangers. In high school students, sexual coercion is seen to be more justifiable under specific dating circumstances.
The demographic characteristics imply that young people on their first date and individuals, engaging in initial sexual activity, increase their vulnerability to sexual assaults. It is observed that dating at an early age increases the risks of young women of coming into a contact with potential sexual rape perpetrators. It is noted that sexual assaults occur because of the power disparity between partners, making of age differences which a potential risks element is contributing to teenage date rape. The use of alcohol has been a significant factor that leads to the increased risks of date rape (Sinozich, & Langton, 2014). Under alcohol influence, men are likely to misinterpret friendly relations as sexual invites, and women face the risks of having low coping responses and being unable to defend themselves against potential sexual attacks.
Several factors, including psychological, physical, and behavioral ones, influence the severity of the symptoms that a rape victim portrays. The most influential factor is the nature of the rape itself. In teenage date rape, there is always the element of surprise, the threat of injury and violation of the individual. These violations are usually emotional and physical, while they are morally connected to the human intimacy that is sexual contact. A rapist’s intention in rape cases is always to render the victim helpless. Rape as a trauma is meant to cause psychological torture to a victim, and in itself, it is a form of well-organized social violence.
Some factors of teenage rape trauma are the most influential aspects in promoting the severity of symptoms. Among the main factors are the specific risks, including depression and low self-esteem. They create major risks, exposing young women to date rape. Other personal factors include emotional insecurity, psychological aggression, and anger. Relationship factors could also lead to serious traumas at the later stages of life. Some of them include marital conflicts and tensions, dominance and control of relations, and economic stress. The unhealthy family interactions create huge traumatic issues about teenage date rape cases.
It is important for teenage date rape victims to ensure that they resolve their relationship issues to avoid a continued trauma in the future. Community risks factors, including poverty and related factors, low social institutions and norms, and weak community aspects, increase in the prevalence of teenage rape cases (Iverson et al., 2015). Other factors are the societal ones such as traditional gender norms and values, including the universal expectation for a woman to be submissive to their husbands.
Teenage rape victims experience trauma differently, and the range of reactions depends on the past experiences and background of the victim. However, at one point, all rape victims display the same reactions to their trauma. In the acute phase, the shock is usually a common reaction, and it can include anxiety and distress. During this stage, the victims can also experience shame, guilt, anger, flashbacks, and nightmares. The second common stage that they experience is an outward adjustment. The initial reactions usually subside when victims get used to their trauma (DeGue et al., 2014). Ultimately, all victims cope with their trauma, but at different rates and in various ways, depending on their coping strategies, age, and rape circumstances.
Entire communities are usually impacted in teenage date rape cases, and more and more of them become self-aware on the outcomes of rape. The effects of rape on a community revolve around how it responds. Thus, in the United States, community response is encouraging and positive towards the victim. Moreover, communities and systems can be involved in helping a rape victim deal with their trauma. In general, legal and work systems offer a better protection to people against rape (DeGue et al., 2014). At the same time, schools also do not neglect rape victims as they create friendly environments meant to help victims cope with their trauma quicker. Based on the evidence of teenage date rape, the government should take stricter actions and regulations to ensure that teenagers are educated about the negative impacts of date rapes on them and the importance of reporting such incidents because most teenagers are afraid and ashamed of reporting the cases of date rape if they occur.
Part 2-Strategies of Intervention Plan
In addressing teenage date rape cases, various strategies can be implemented within intervention plans. They include cognitive processing therapy. Such therapy is a treatment package, used on teenage date rape victims who suffer from depression and PTSD. This treatment is based on information processing models that combine the elements of cognitive restructuring and exposure therapy. The treatment is recorded of being 90% effective in helping rape victims (Pittman, Wolfe, & Wekerle, 2014). Cognitive Processing Therapy aims at fighting the problem of teenage date rape by confronting cognitive distortions and processing emotions concerning rape.
Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) is a treatment, used to treat anxiety and fear symptoms in teenage date rape victims. In the education phase, victims are enlightened on how fear develops after trauma. In skill-building, they are taught how to control their fears through exercises meant to reduce their physiological sensations (Leen et al., 2013). Finally, the application phase allows these victims to apply all learned skills in different scenarios. This treatment has been proved effective in reduction of anxiety and PTSD in rape victims.
Both Stress Inoculation Training and Cognitive Processing Therapy (SIT & CPT) are effective treatments for treating rape victims. Thus, 37 separate studies conducted with 70 hypotheses tests have indicated that the process reduced performance anxiety, state anxiety, and enhanced performance in the victims of date rape (Iverson et al., 2015). Cognitive Processing Therapy is effective when it comes to such traumatic events as teenage rape, and it is further endorsed by the US Department of Veteran Affairs and Defense.
Modalities used in the treatment of teenage rape victims are usually directed at reducing the trauma that accompanies this violation. Thus, treatments are offered to the victims who show signs of trauma and PTSD. The ultimate goal is to increase their self-esteem and social adjustment. For victims to be classified as PTSD patients, they should experience intrusive thoughts, physiological distress, and negative emotions as well as emotional, cognitive, and biological arousals while avoiding a stimulus that is a reminder of the negative event (DeGue, et al., 2014).
Rape victims, who undergo treatment, pass several phases in their recovery. The first is the acute recovery phase that happens immediately after the rape and during the initial stages of treatment. Rape victims will appear numb, dazed, and upset. This phase has been known to last for two weeks (DeGue et al., 2014). The second, recovery stage is the outward adjustment phase, as during it, victims try to apply treatment skills for the first time. In the integration phase, victims feel anxious and depressed depending on whether the treatment works or not. In the renewal phase, victims gradually acquire treatment skills and make sense of the rape, while their symptoms start to disappear.
The four phases include acute, outward adjustment, integration, and renewal one. The acute phase is observed after a rape has occurred when the survivors feel shocked and afraid for their lives. During this phase, it is difficult to talk with survivors. The second one is outward adjustment phase, whereby survivors try to continue lives as normal and promote coping with the environmental conditions well (Iverson et al., 2015). The integration phase involves rape survivors trying to talk and address their personal depression issues. This phase allows most survivors understand their feelings and emotional problems. The last phase is renewal one that would help in victims of teenage rape to overcome sexual trauma.
In my population group, only a small fraction of rape victims ever develops the courage to report about rape cases. The barriers that stop the majority of victims from reporting these incidents include personal factors such as emotional states and a fear of exposure. Societal myths are propagated through the race, disability, and class, providing barriers to most rape victims who may wish to report the incidents (Pittman, Wolfe, & Wekerle, 2014). Both organizational and structural factors have also been evidenced to provide obstacles to how these services are accessed. Most importantly, it is critical that intervention programs, relating to college-aged students, would help in improving education awareness on rape myths, teaching effective strategies, and improving the sexual communication among teenagers.
Iverson et al. (2015) have noted that special prevention programs concerning specific needs of women should be developed to deal with the history of sexual assaults. Other sexual assaults programs could include approaches to mixed gender programs as they would help in promoting changes to rape-supportive perceptions and attitudes. Nevertheless, numerous evaluations of programs would be useful in changing attitudes, and they would not measure behavioral changes and adjustments. Other interventions include programs, targeting male audience only as they would help in reducing the common beliefs that condone coercive sexual actions in society. Certain programs would be developed to deal with people at high risk of sexual activity and aggression.

References
Darnell, D., Peterson, R., Berliner, L., Stewart, T., Russo, J., Whiteside, L., & Zatzick, D. (2015). Factors associated with follow-up attendance among rape victims seen in acute medical care. Psychiatry, 78(1), 89-101. doi: 10.1080/00332747.2015
DeGue, S., Valle, L. A., Holt, M. K., Massetti, G. M., Matjasko, J. L., & Tharp, A. T. (2014). A systematic review of primary prevention strategies for sexual violence perpetration. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(4), 346-362. DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2014.05.004
Dorahy, M. J., Corry, M., Shannon, M., Webb, K., McDermott, B., Ryan, M., & Dyer, K. F. (2013). Complex trauma and intimate relationships: The impact of shame, guilt and dissociation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 147(1), 72-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.010
Iverson, K. M., King, M. W., Cunningham, K. C., & Resick, P. A. (2015). Rape survivors’ trauma-related beliefs before and after Cognitive processing therapy: Associations with PTSD and depression symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 66, 49-55. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.01.002
Leen, E., Sorbring, E., Mawer, M., Holdsworth, E., Helsing, B., & Bowen, E. (2013). Prevalence, dynamic risk factors and the efficacy of primary interventions for adolescent dating violence: An international review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(1), 159-174. DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2012.11.015
Lutnick, A., Harris, J., Lorvick, J., Cheng, H., Wenger, L. D., Bourgois, P., & Kral, A. H. (2015). Examining the associations between sex trade involvement, rape, and symptomatology of sexual abuse trauma. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(11), 1847-1863. doi: 10.1177/0886260514549051
Pittman, A.-L., Wolfe, D. A., & Wekerle, C. (2014). Strategies for evaluating dating violence prevention programs. In S. K. Ward, & D. Finkelhor (Eds.), Program evaluation and family violence research (pp. 217-237). Hoboken, NJ: Taylor and Francis.
Sinozich, S., & Langton, L. (2014). Rape and sexual assault victimization among college-age females, 1995–2013. Report NCJ248471). Retrieved from https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/rsavcaf9513.pdf

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