Posted: May 17th, 2022

Undernutrition among Children in Western 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China

Undernutrition among Children in Western 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China
In discussing the issue of malnutrition, the problems that come to mind include wasting, stunting, and the deficiently of the essential minerals. Undernutrition has become a world problem and leads to changes in the physical and mental well-being of the child. Some of these changes might be irreversible. The effect of undernutrition might also lead health productivity problems that might affect one even to their adulthood. The world health organization estimates that about 60% of the 10.9 million deaths that are reported among children under the age of five years have a direct association with malnutrition (Zhang et al. 2016). Most of these deaths are reported in the middle income and the low-income countries. These statistics try to paint the picture of how the issue of undernutrition affects children all over the world. Not to mention, child undernutrition, is one is one of the indicators of the millennium development goals. The MDG aimed to ensure that between 1990 and 2015, the number of children that suffer from undernutrition should have reduced by half (Wang et al. 2017). Therefore it seems that the issue of malnutrition still needs much more concern from the international perspective.
Western 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China comprises of 12 provinces with the land area totaling 5.38 million square kilometers (Wang et al. 2017). The region has a population of about 287 million people who come from about 44 ethnic groups. The area experiences a low socio-economic status and also has inadequate health facilities, making it more susceptible to child undernutrition. A study Of Western 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China in the year 1999 indicated some revealing information about this region. From the survey, about 23% of the children that were under the age of 3 years were stunted. The study further indicated that 7.5% were wasted, while there was 23.6% of the population that was suffering from underweight (Wang et al. 2017.
论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China past malnutrition statistics before the 70s
论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China emerged from an agricultural based economy with the most substantial part of the population being semi-illiterate or illiterate. The number of children under age 7 was about 130 million which represented about 13 percent of the entire community. About 40 years ago about 80% of the whole population was living in the rural areas (Dong et al. 2018). Before the formation of the Peoples Republic of 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China, there was not any statistics about the state of children and nutrition. Within this time it is estimated that most of the children suffered from malnutrition and infant mortality. During the age of infancy to about four months, most of the children were breastfed and thus had optimal development just as it is in the developed countries. But at the age of about four months most of the children we weaned and introduced to complementary food that was low in nutrients such as zinc, vitamin A iron and B vitamins. Therefore, malnutrition for the children under the age of 5 remained to be one of the biggest challenges. Although there is scanty data on nutrition during the period between 1959 and 61 when there was famine, it can be estimated that the level of malnutrition might have been so high. Since the formation of the republic, there were a few surveys on the growth and development of children. The first national survey on national nutrition was conducted in the year 1959 (Dong et al. 2018). The study was never published. The first published survey was in the year 1975 that showed the nutrition condition of children had improved since 1949.
The present
Before the 1970s 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China was rated as one of the poorest nations in the world. At this time it was estimated that about 84% of the population were living in absolute poverty. However, after the Reformation, the poverty rates started going down. The rate went down to about 157 million that represented approximately 11.8% by the year 2010 (Yu et al. 2017). The reforms in 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China made it possible for other foods such as eggs, poultry, milk, and various foods to get into the country. The change resulted in better diets for the Chinese people. The changes had a significant impact on the health of the children. The second survey that was carried out in 1982 showed that the survival problems such as food and clothing were no longer a challenge and that the diet of the people had significantly improved. However, the developments were not balanced, and the people were living in the rural areas, and mountainous regions were still experiencing several challenges in regards to their diet.
The data on children nutrition was released between the year 1992 and 2013. Within this period the several changes in industrialization and modernization had helped to increase the household income of the Chinese people. The increased income helped to improve the living conditions and thus the nutrition. In 2013 statistics showed that underweight in children below the age of 5years was at 2.4%. The data represented an 85% decrease from 1992 (Yu et al. 2017). Within the same period, stunting had reduced by 75% to be at 8.1%.
Similarly, wasting had reduced to only 1.9 percent (Zhang, 2018). The study also pointed out that the children that were mostly affected by undernutrition were mainly in the rural and poor areas. The improvement in the child nutrition can be attributed to the economic developments in the country for the past decades. However, there is a need to focus more on the cases of malnutrition in the rural and poor areas and of more focus is on western 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China.
Future
The United Nations children fund and 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China ministry of health carried out a program dubbed the Rural Primary Healthcare Project. The program focused on children under the age of 3 years in the Western region of 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China. The focus of the plan was to deal with the intervention in childhood nutrition. Through the program, the rates of stunting decreased from 20.8% to about 10.2% (Pei et al. 2014). The project had a lot of impact in reducing the level of malnutrition among the children in Western 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China.
Another recent effort to deal with Child undernutrition in Western 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China was run by the 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China development Research foundation and UNICEF. In the program, the organization handed out protein and iron supplements, and the aim was aimed to boost the diet of the children between six months to two years. The program also targeted the pregnant mothers who were given nutrition pills (Zhang, 2018). The project in Beishan successfully helped in reducing malnutrition. From the study, it emerged that the stunting rates among 12 to 14 moth children had decreased by 10%. In general, there has been a significant improvement in the child nutrition since the government introduced the pro-rural polices (Pei et al. 2014). However, some have argued that these efforts have not been effective in dealing with the issue of undernutrition. There is a need to develop other programs that would be able to provide better solutions for the current malnutrition problem among the kids (Jin & Li, 2018).
Strategy for dealing with Malnutrition
In dealing with malnutrition, would depend on the underlying causes and how the children are malnourished. The approach might vary from giving advice that they could follow from home. The other options might include supported at home by a dietitian of several qualified healthcare professionals. In cases where the cases are severe, it might need hospital intervention. However, the fact of Western 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China might require a different approach that would include the following.
Dietary changes and supplements
The case of 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China needs a sharp focus on the culture change among the people that live in the rural areas. The first step would involve the sensitization of the people on the need to change the diets that they offer to the children at the age of below five. While most of the people living in this region believe that a good diet should involve expensive options, there is need to make the people understand that the change can come by merely taking the local foods but instead take right dietary options. The focus of the program is to get dieticians in these regions that can help to sensitive the people on the diet that they can offer the children without having to pay so much money. The focus might include the creation of dietary plans that the children get enough nutrients. Besides, the dietary sensitization, there might be the need to having healthier and more balanced diets for the children (Gao, 2018).
• Besides, the children could be given fortified food that constant extra nutrients in the cases where the conditions are dire.
• Ensuring that parents give the children drinks that have higher contents of calories
• In the cases where these options might not work then it would require the government to chip in and provide extra nutrients in the form of supplements. However, such options would only be taken under the advice of healthcare professionals.
• Feeding tubes
Some cases might require medical interventions. In such extreme cases where the children cannot take enough to meet the dietary needs of the body then there would need to use an alternative way of getting nutrients. In such cases, the options would include
A tube that is passed through the nose and into the stomach
• The other option is to use a tube placed directly into the belly of gut through the skin of the tummy.
• There could be the option of having nutrients being passed through the tube and fed directly to the blood through a tube. These options could usually be started at the hospital but could later be taken at home.
However, in looking at the treatment options, there is a need to understand the severity of the malnutrition and underlying conditions for the complication. While some of the cases might just be related to dietary needs, other circumstances lead to the undernutrition. Therefore in seeking the treatment understanding the difficulties that some of the children have would help in trying to solve the malnutrition issues that the children have. In situations where other problems are leading to malnutrition, then the healthcare provider would be able to prepare a targeted care plan that has specific aims for the treatment. The program would include a feeding program with a particular diet plan. It is with this view that the doctors might recommend the artificial nutritional support (Gao, 2018).
Care and support services
While dietary and treatment options might be needed in the cases of malnutrition, in some other cases it would involve care and support services. The care and support programs would have more impact to the Western society than any other programs. In looking at the situations of the children in the western region it seems clear that the problems are not mostly related to health issues. It is from this point that the focus should be on providing care and support services (Gao, 2018).
Objectives
There are many focus areas that the current project seeks to achieve.
The first focus is to improve the knowledge of the citizens on the dietary options that are available for the children. As it has emerged most of the children suffering from undernutrition comes from poor and rural homes. The view that most of these people have is that for one to have a good diet, then they need to have some money. The focus of the program is thus to weed out this view.
• The other focus of the current proposal is to reach out to the families that have children with special conditions. As it emerged, there are some cases of undernutrition that arise from other states in the child’s body. Therefore, we seek to analyze and found such issues as we try to deal with the problem of malnutrition.
• The primary focus of the program is to achieve a complete change in the view of the local on a dietary issue. A good diet should not be construed only to mean that one should have to take additional foods. On the contrary, people can take the foods that are available within their reach and still be able to limit the cases of undernutrition.
• The critical elements of the invention are to change in perspective, enlighten on diet and to reach out to the most vulnerable groups.
Conclusion
The issue of malnutrition is not only a problem that affects 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China. There are still other places in the world that still face the same issue. However, it is important to mention that the cases have a close association with poverty and illiteracy. The lack of knowledge makes many people think that for one to have a balanced diet then, they need to have money to buy certain foods. However, with the program, our focus is to be able to reach these people within western 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China and provide them with dietary options that are within their reach. We seek to make the people aware that poverty should not be the reason for the children to suffer from undernutrition. With the right government support and the right approaches to this issue, it is possible to deal with malnutrition and have a society where children can grow without nutrition issues.

References
Dong, Y., Zou, Z., Yang, Z., Wang, Z., Yang, Y., Ma, J. & Arnold, L. (2018). Prevalence of excess body weight and underweight among 26 Chinese ethnic minority children and adolescents in 2014: a cross-sectional observational study. BMC public health, 18(1), 562.
Gao, W., Li, G., Liu, X., & Yan, H. (2018). The impact of “Child Care” intervention in rural Primary Health Care Program on the prevalence of diarrhea among children less than 36 months of age in rural western 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China. BMC Pediatrics, 18(1), 228.
Jin, Y., & Li, X. (2018). Analysis of Current Status on a New Public Health Nutrition Service Pattern in 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China: A Nutrition Outpatient Clinic-Based Study. BioMed research international, 2018.
Pei, L., Ren, L., & Yan, H. (2014). A survey of undernutrition in children under three years of age in rural Western 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China. BMC public health, 14(1), 121.
Wang, A., Scherpbier, R. W., Huang, X., Guo, S., Yang, Y., Josephs-Spaulding, J., … & Wang, Y. (2017). The dietary diversity and stunting prevalence in minority children under 3 years old: a cross-sectional study in forty-two counties of Western 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China. British Journal of Nutrition, 118(10), 840-848.
YU, D. M., Zhao, L. Y., Yang, Z. Y., Chang, S. Y., YU, W. T., Fang, H. Y., … & Fang, Y. H. (2016). Comparison of undernutrition prevalence of children under 5 years in 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China between 2002 and 2013. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 29(3), 165-176.
Zhang, N., Bécares, L., & Chandola, T. (2016). Patterns and determinants of double-burden of malnutrition among rural children: evidence from 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China. PloS one, 11(7), e0158119.
Zhang, R. (2018). Current Status and Trends of Early Childhood Nutritional Status and Dietary Intake in 论文帮助/论文写作服务/负担得起我及时提交我最好的质量 – China: Evidence from the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey 2000-2011 and Stakeholder Interviews (Doctoral dissertation).

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