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Posted: April 30th, 2022
# Air Pollution: Homework help – Discuss its Impact from the Household Perspective
Air pollution is one of the major environmental challenges that affect human health and well-being. While most people are aware of the effects of outdoor air pollution, such as smog and acid rain, fewer people realize that indoor air pollution can also pose serious health risks. Indoor air pollution is caused by the use of inefficient and polluting fuels and technologies in and around the home, such as wood, coal, kerosene, dung, and crop waste. These fuels emit a range of harmful pollutants, including **small particles** that penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, stroke, lung cancer, and premature death (WHO, 2023).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 2.3 billion people worldwide (around a third of the global population) cook using open fires or inefficient stoves fuelled by kerosene, biomass, and coal. Household air pollution was responsible for an estimated 3.2 million deaths per year in 2020, including over 237 000 deaths of children under the age of 5. The combined effects of ambient air pollution and household air pollution are associated with 6.7 million premature deaths annually (WHO, 2023).
The impact of household air pollution is not only felt by individuals, but also by households and communities. Households that rely on polluting fuels and technologies spend a significant amount of time and money on cooking and fuel collection, which reduces their opportunities for education, income generation, and leisure. Moreover, household air pollution contributes to environmental degradation and climate change by causing deforestation, soil erosion, black carbon emissions, and greenhouse gas emissions (WHO, 2021).
The solution to household air pollution lies in the adoption of **cleaner household energy options**, such as solar, electricity, biogas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), natural gas, alcohol fuels, as well as biomass stoves that meet the emission targets in the WHO Guidelines. These options can reduce the health and other burdens caused by household air pollution, while also providing social and economic benefits, such as improved quality of life, reduced drudgery, increased productivity, and lower greenhouse gas emissions (WHO, 2021).
However, achieving universal access to clean household energy is not an easy task. It requires concerted efforts from governments, private sector, civil society, and international organizations to address the barriers and challenges that hinder the adoption of clean fuels and technologies. Some of these barriers include lack of awareness, affordability, availability, acceptability, reliability, safety, and sustainability of clean energy options. Strategies to overcome these barriers include policies – especially those that provide financial support to purchase cleaner technologies and fuels – improved ventilation or housing design, communication campaigns to encourage clean energy use, capacity building for local entrepreneurs and technicians, quality assurance and standards for clean energy products and services, monitoring and evaluation of impacts and outcomes (WHO, 2014).
In conclusion, household air pollution is a serious public health and environmental problem that affects millions of people around the world. It is essential to expand the use of clean fuels and technologies to reduce household air pollution and protect health. This will not only benefit individuals and households but also contribute to global goals such as reducing poverty alleviation climate change mitigation.
## Works Cited
– WHO. “Household Air Pollution.” World Health Organization (WHO), 15 Dec. 2023,
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health.
– WHO. “Household Air Pollution.” World Health Organization (WHO), n.d.,
https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/air-quality-and-health/sectoral-interventions/household-air-pollution.
– WHO. “Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Household Fuel Combustion.” World Health Organization (WHO), 2014,
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241548885.
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