Posted: May 19th, 2024

ASSIGNMENT 2 Benchmark – Capstone Project Change Proposal

Review your strategic plan to implement the change proposal, the objectives, the outcomes, and listed resources. Develop a process to evaluate the intervention if it were implemented. Write a 250-300 word summary of the evaluation plan that will be used to evaluate your intervention.

The assignment will be used to develop a written implementation plan.

APA style is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.

ASSIGNMENT 2

Benchmark – Capstone Project Change Proposal

In this assignment, students will pull together the capstone project change proposal components they have been working on throughout the course to create a proposal inclusive of sections for each content focus area in the course. For this project, the student will apply evidence-based research steps and processes required as the foundation to address a clinically oriented problem or issue in future practice.

Develop a 1,250-1,500 written project that includes the following information as it applies to the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need profiled in the capstone change proposal:

1. Background

2. Clinical problem statement.

3. Purpose of the change proposal in relation to providing patient care in the changing health care system.

4. PICOT question.

5. Literature search strategy employed.

6. Evaluation of the literature.

7. Applicable change or nursing theory utilized.

8. Proposed implementation plan with outcome measures.

9. Discussion of how evidence-based practice was used in creating the intervention plan.

10. Plan for evaluating the proposed nursing intervention.

11. Identification of potential barriers to plan implementation, and a discussion of how these could be overcome.

12. Appendix section, if tables, graphs, surveys, educational materials, etc. are created.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite

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Capstone project objectives
NRS-OL191-Professional Capstone and Practicum

Patients in PACU usually experience postoperative pain after their surgical procedure. Most times, the pain management that these patients receive is unsatisfactory, hence affecting their recovery. In most PACU units, pain management is done using pharmacological interventions such as opioids, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, anti-seizures, muscle relaxants and NSAIDs medations (Poulsen, Coto, & Cooney, 2019). Continuous use of these medications causes postoperative morbidity, emergency of chronic postoperative pain, slow recovery process, impaired function, and impaired quality of life.
Objective 1: Implementing this project will improve the pain management process for PACU patients who have undergone surgical procedures. Playing soft music to these patients in PACU will reduce the intake of medications and improve their pain management outcomes.
Objective 2: Implementing this project will help healthcare organization and patients to cut on cost of medications because PACU patients will consume less drugs. Playing soft music to these patients in PACU will reduce the intake of medications hence reducing the cost of purchasing the medications.
Objective 3: Implementing this project will speed up the recovery process of patients. This is because patients will get satisfactory pain management. This will facilitate their recovery process. Music is a natural chemical with no side effects. As a result, PACU patients will be safe from the side effects of these medications.
Intensive research has been directed to postoperative pain management in PACU setting. Some of the findings have been implemented in healthcare facilities. However, most hospitals have implemented pharmacological pain management interventions. The use of non-pharmacological interventions should be implemented because it plays a great role in postoperative pain management (El Geziry, Toble, Al Kadhi, Pervaiz, & Al Nobani, 2018). The use of music therapy especially playing soft music helps in relaxation and aid sleep which in turn help healing. Music can also reduce the use of pharmacological medications in healthcare setting.

To evaluate the effectiveness of implementing music therapy in the PACU to improve postoperative pain management, a mixed-methods approach will be utilized. Quantitative data on patient-reported pain scores, medication usage, length of stay, and costs will be collected pre- and post-intervention. Pain scores will be assessed using validated tools like the Numeric Rating Scale at regular intervals (Poulsen et al., 2018). Medication usage, including type, dosage, and frequency, will be extracted from electronic medical records. Length of stay and associated costs will also be analyzed.
Qualitative data will be gathered through semi-structured interviews with patients and PACU staff to gain insights into their experiences and perceptions of the music therapy intervention. Patients will be asked about their pain levels, satisfaction with pain management, and overall recovery experience. Staff will be interviewed regarding the feasibility, challenges, and perceived benefits of implementing music therapy.
Data analysis will involve comparing pre- and post-intervention quantitative measures using appropriate statistical tests, such as paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (El Geziry et al., 2018). Thematic analysis will be conducted on the qualitative interview data to identify common themes and patterns.
The evaluation will assess the intervention’s impact on pain scores, medication usage, length of stay, costs, patient satisfaction, and staff perceptions. Findings will be used to refine the intervention and inform future implementation efforts. Dissemination of results through presentations and publications will contribute to the evidence base for non-pharmacological pain management in PACU settings (Hole et al., 2020; Kyriakidou et al., 2021; Çakar Turhan & Özvurmaz, 2022).
References:
Çakar Turhan, K. S., & Özvurmaz, S. (2022). The effect of music therapy on postoperative pain, anxiety and patient satisfaction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 31(7-8), 875-890. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15939
El Geziry, A., Toble, Y., Al Kadhi, F., Pervaiz, M., & Al Nobani, M. (2018). Non-pharmacological pain management. Pain Management in Special Circumstances, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79689
Hole, J., Hirsch, M., Ball, E., & Meads, C. (2020). Music as an aid for postoperative recovery in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 386(10004), 1659-1671. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60169-6
Kyriakidou, G., Gregoriadis, T., Theodorou, M., & Asouhidou, I. (2021). The effect of music on postoperative pain, anxiety, and analgesia requirements: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 10(5), 5318-5331. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-20-2465
Poulsen, M. J., Coto, J., & Cooney, M. F. (2019). Music as a postoperative pain management intervention. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 34(3), 662-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2018.05.006

Capstone Change Project Resources
NRS-OL191-Professional Capstone and Practicum

I worked with my preceptor to assess the organization for required resources needed for the strategic plan if the capstone change proposal were to be implemented. The change proposal involves using music therapy in Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) to reduce the postoperative pain of patients who have undergone surgical procedures and minimize the use of high pain medications such as opioids (Farokhzadian, Khajouei, & Ahmadian, 2015). Music therapy will be used alongside low pain medications such as ibuprofen and Tylenol.
One of the required resources is education and training nurses. One of the problems faced by facilities that have implemented evidence-based interventions is resistance from the healthcare professionals. Most nurses and other providers want to stick to their old ways. They do not want to adopt new evidence-based ways (Schmidt & Brown, 2017). To reduce this resistance, the organization would need to educate and train nurses on evidence-based practice (EBP) and importance of adopting the practice.
Another resource needed related to human resources and hiring of additional nurses. Nursing shortage is a major problem facing the healthcare system today. Most facilities that have implemented evidence-based interventions face the problem of incomplete adoption due to shortage of nurses (Farokhzadian, Khajouei, & Ahmadian, 2015). The organization should hire more nurses to ensure that there are enough nurses to perform various tasks required for effective EBP adoption.
The organization will also need well-equipped research resources. Once an organization adopts evidence-based practice, best and updated evidence will be a necessary requirement to improve the health outcomes and quality of care. As a result, the organization will need a research environment (Farokhzadian, Khajouei, & Ahmadian, 2015). The organization will need modern computer systems, strong internet connection and skilled nurses.
The organization will also need financial resources. Money will be needed to purchase the required items such as music components, strong internet installation, computer systems and other necessary items (Schmidt & Brown, 2017). The financial resources will also enable the organization to hire more staff required in the capstone change proposal.

References
Farokhzadian, J., Khajouei, R., & Ahmadian, L. (2015). Evaluating factors associated with implementingevidence‐based practice in nursing. Journal of evaluation in clinicalpractice, 21(6), 1107-1113.
Schmidt, N. A., & Brown, J. M. (2017). Evidence-based practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of research. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

References
El Geziry, A., Toble, Y., Al Kadhi, F., Pervaiz, M., & Al Nobani, M. (2018). Non-pharmacological pain management. Pain management in special circumstances, 1-14.
Poulsen, M. J., Coto, J., & Cooney, M. F. (2019). Music as a postoperative pain management intervention. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 34(3), 662-666.

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