Comparison of Gas Exchange Exemplars

Comparison of Gas Exchange Exemplars
Pneumothorax Tension Pneumothorax Flail Chest Hemothorax Acute Respiratory Failure
Pathophysiology

Etiology

Clinical Manifestations

Interventions

Complete the Gas Exchange Exemplar comparison table.

NUR2790_Module 04_Gas Exchange Exemplars_v2.docx

Grading Criterion:

The student must include two specific causes (etiology) for each of exemplars
The student is to list at least 3 objective assessments (clinical manifestations) that would be expected with a client who displays each of the exemplars
Identify at least 3 nursing interventions that you would do for your client (NO MEDICATIONS)
Identify at least 3 expected orders (medications) that would be appropriate for a client with the exemplar.
Submit your completed assignment by following the directions linked below. Please check the Course Calendar for specific due dates.

Exemplar Pneumothorax Tension Pneumothorax Flail Chest Hemothorax Acute Respiratory Failure
Pathophysiology Pneumothorax is a condition where air collects in the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse. Tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency where air enters the pleural space and is unable to exit. Flail chest is a condition where multiple ribs are fractured in two or more places, leading to paradoxical chest wall movement during inspiration and expiration. Hemothorax is a condition where blood accumulates in the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse. Acute Respiratory Failure occurs when the lungs are unable to oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide adequately.
Etiology Trauma to the chest wall, ruptured air sacs, underlying lung diseases, or medical procedures Trauma to the chest, blunt or penetrating injuries, medical procedures or lung diseases. Trauma to the chest, multiple rib fractures, and other thoracic injuries. Trauma to the chest, ruptured blood vessels, or medical procedures. Lung diseases, such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Clinical Manifestations Sudden onset of chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, shallow breathing, and cyanosis. Decreased breath sounds, asymmetrical chest expansion, chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, and cyanosis. Paradoxical chest wall movement, chest pain, shortness of breath, shallow breathing, and cyanosis. Chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, decreased breath sounds, asymmetrical chest expansion, and cyanosis. Rapid breathing, shortness of breath, chest pain, confusion, fatigue, bluish coloration of the skin, cough, and wheezing.
Interventions Administer oxygen, monitor respiratory status, chest tube insertion to remove air from the pleural space. Administer oxygen, monitor respiratory status, chest tube insertion, and prepare for needle decompression. Administer oxygen, monitor respiratory status, pain management, and mechanical ventilation. Administer oxygen, monitor respiratory status, chest tube insertion, and prepare for blood transfusion. Administer oxygen, monitor respiratory status, elevate head of the bed, provide humidified air, and prepare for mechanical ventilation.
Expected orders Oxygen therapy, chest tube insertion or needle decompression, pain management, surgical intervention. Oxygen therapy, chest tube insertion, needle decompression, surgical intervention, analgesics, and sedatives. Oxygen therapy, pain management, mechanical ventilation, and surgical intervention. Oxygen therapy, chest tube insertion, blood transfusion, surgical intervention, analgesics, and sedatives. Bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, diuretics, sedatives, and mechanical ventilation.