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Posted: April 30th, 2022
Causes and Treatment of Viral Infections
Viral infections are illnesses caused by tiny organisms called viruses. Viruses invade our cells and use them to make more copies of themselves. This process can damage or destroy the infected cells and cause various symptoms. Viral infections can affect different parts of our body, such as the respiratory system, the digestive system, the skin, the liver, the blood and the nervous system.
Some viral infections are contagious, which means they can spread from person to person through direct or indirect contact. Examples of contagious viral infections include the flu, the common cold, HIV and herpes. Other viral infections are not contagious, but are transmitted through other means, such as insect bites or animal bites. Examples of non-contagious viral infections include rabies, yellow fever and West Nile virus.
The treatment of viral infections depends on the type of virus and the severity of the symptoms. Some viral infections can be treated with antiviral medicines, which help to stop or slow down the replication of the virus. Examples of antiviral medicines include oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for the flu, acyclovir (Zovirax) for herpes and zidovudine (Retrovir) for HIV. However, not all viral infections have effective antiviral medicines available.
Some viral infections can be prevented or reduced by vaccination, which is a way of stimulating our immune system to produce antibodies against a specific virus. Examples of vaccines include the flu shot, the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. However, not all viral infections have vaccines available.
Some viral infections can be managed with supportive measures, which are ways of relieving the symptoms and preventing complications. Examples of supportive measures include pain relievers, decongestants, anti-nausea medicines and fluid replacement. However, supportive measures do not cure the infection or stop it from spreading.
For some viral infections, there is no known treatment or prevention. In these cases, the best we can do is to avoid exposure to the virus or to seek medical attention if we develop symptoms.
References:
– Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Viral infection: Causes, symptoms, tests & treatment. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24473-viral-infection
– Healthline. (n.d.). Viral diseases: List of types & contagiousness, treatment, prevention. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/viral-diseases
– Medicine.com. (2020). Viral infection: Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Retrieved from https://www.medicine.com/condition/viral-infection
– Mayo Clinic. (2023). Infection: Bacterial or viral? Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/infectious-disease/faq-20058098
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