Posted: October 25th, 2023

Developmental Area Milestones and Developmental Stage from Birth to 48 months

Every child grows and develops differently. Individual child outcomes are influenced by values and practices of family, culture, and community. It is important for teachers to understand these outcomes and know how to support the growing child and their families. Teachers need to develop an awareness of developmental milestones within the context of discussions with families, childcare providers, pediatricians, public health nurses, and other educators.

Use the “Developmental Readiness Template” to compile information in preparation for speaking to a family about their child’s readiness to enter a childcare facility. Within the template, describe young children’s typical and atypical behaviors, characteristics, and needs in relation to cognitive, linguistic, physical, social, and emotional needs from birth to age 4.

Include the following:

Description of one typical cognitive, linguistic, physical, social, and emotional milestone for children birth to age 4.
Descriptions of two atypical cognitive, linguistic, physical, social, and emotional milestones for children birth to age 4.
Two strategies, per developmental stage, for families – one addressing typical behaviors and one addressing atypical behaviors. Include at least one technological/digital resource for typical or atypical behaviors.
Support your assignment with five scholarly references.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite Technical Support Articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

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Study Notes:
Developmental Readiness Template
Developmental Stage Developmental Area Milestones Typical Atypical Developmental Strategy: Typical Developmental Strategy: Atypical References
Birth to 12 months Cognitive Typical: Recognizes familiar faces and voices; Responds to simple requests; Shows interest in toys and other objects; Explores the environment Atypical: Does not make eye contact; Does not respond to name; Does not show interest in toys or other objects; Does not babble or vocalize Developmental Strategy: Typical: Talk to your baby often; Play games with your baby; Provide your baby with a variety of toys and objects to explore; Respond to your baby’s cues Developmental Strategy: Atypical: Talk to your pediatrician about your concerns; Seek early intervention services [1, 2]
13-24 months Linguistic Typical: Says about 10-50 words; Understands and follows simple instructions; Uses gestures and facial expressions to communicate Atypical: Does not say any words; Does not understand simple instructions; Does not use gestures or facial expressions to communicate Developmental Strategy: Typical: Read to your child often; Talk to your child about what they are doing and seeing; Encourage your child to communicate using words, gestures, and facial expressions Developmental Strategy: Atypical: Talk to your pediatrician about your concerns; Seek early intervention services [3, 4]
25-36 months Physical Typical: Walks and runs; Climbs up and down stairs; Uses hands and fingers to manipulate objects; Throws and catches balls Atypical: Has difficulty walking or running; Has difficulty climbing stairs; Has difficulty manipulating objects; Has difficulty throwing and catching balls Developmental Strategy: Typical: Provide your child with plenty of opportunities to move and play; Encourage your child to practice new physical skills Developmental Strategy: Atypical: Talk to your pediatrician about your concerns; Seek early intervention services [5, 6]
37-48 months Social Typical: Plays cooperatively with other children; Shares toys; Takes turns; Follows simple rules Atypical: Has difficulty playing cooperatively with other children; Has difficulty sharing toys; Has difficulty taking turns; Has difficulty following simple rules **Developmental Strategy: Model positive social behavior for your child; Encourage your child to interact with other children; Provide your child with opportunities to play cooperative games Developmental Strategy: Atypical: Talk to your pediatrician about your concerns; Seek early intervention services [7, 8]
Emotional Typical: Shows a range of emotions; Expresses emotions in an appropriate way; Regulates emotions effectively Atypical: Does not show a range of emotions; Expresses emotions in an inappropriate way; Has difficulty regulating emotions **Developmental Strategy: Talk to your child about their emotions; Help your child to identify and express their emotions in a healthy way; Model effective emotion regulation skills for your child Developmental Strategy: Atypical: Talk to your pediatrician about your concerns; Seek early intervention services

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Developmental Readiness Template

Developmental Stage

Developmental Area Milestones Birth to 12 months 13-24 months 25-36 months 37-48 months
Cognitive Typical (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2023) The typical cognitive milestone for children from birth to 12 months is the development of object permanence, where they begin to understand that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight.
Atypical (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023) Atypical cognitive development in this age group may manifest as a lack of interest in toys or objects and limited eye contact with caregivers.

Atypical (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2023) Another atypical cognitive milestone could be a significant delay in reaching the object permanence stage.

Developmental Strategy: Typical To support typical cognitive development, parents can engage in peek-a-boo games with their infants, which promote object permanence. They can also provide a variety of age-appropriate toys to encourage exploration.

Developmental Strategy: Atypical Families should seek guidance from a pediatrician and consider early intervention services if they observe persistent atypical cognitive behaviors in their child.

Linguistic Typical (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2023) A typical linguistic milestone for children aged 13-24 months is the emergence of two-word phrases, which represent the beginning of language development.

Atypical (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2023) Atypical linguistic development in this age group may include limited or no use of single words to communicate.

Atypical (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023) Another atypical linguistic milestone could be a regression in language skills, where a child loses previously acquired language abilities.

Developmental Strategy: Typical Families can encourage language development by engaging in conversations with their child, reading books, and singing songs.

Developmental Strategy: Atypical If parents notice a lack of linguistic progress or regression, they should consult with a speech-language pathologist and consider early intervention programs.

Physical Typical (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2023) A typical physical milestone for children aged 25-36 months is the ability to climb stairs with alternating feet and jump with both feet leaving the ground.

Atypical (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023) Atypical physical development may manifest as difficulties in basic motor skills like walking or running.

Atypical (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2023) Another atypical physical milestone could be a significant delay in achieving basic motor skills.

Developmental Strategy: Typical Parents can support physical development by providing a safe environment for their child to practice gross motor skills and engage in play that involves climbing and jumping.

Developmental Strategy: Atypical Families should consult a pediatrician and consider physical therapy if they observe persistent atypical physical behaviors in their child.

Social Typical (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2023) A typical social milestone for children aged 37-48 months is the ability to engage in cooperative play with peers, sharing toys and taking turns.

Atypical (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023) Atypical social development may involve difficulty in social interactions, such as a lack of interest in playing with other children.

Atypical (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023) Another atypical social milestone could be aggressive behavior towards peers, leading to social isolation.

Developmental Strategy: Typical Families can encourage social development by arranging playdates and providing opportunities for their child to interact with peers.

Developmental Strategy: Atypical Parents should seek advice from a child psychologist or counselor if they observe persistent atypical social behaviors in their child.

Emotional Typical (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2023) A typical emotional milestone for children aged 37-48 months is the development of self-regulation, allowing them to express their emotions appropriately.

Atypical (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2023) Atypical emotional development may involve excessive tantrums or an inability to manage strong emotions.

Atypical (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2023) Another atypical emotional milestone could be a persistent lack of emotional responsiveness or attachment.

Developmental Strategy: Typical Parents can promote emotional development by acknowledging their child’s feelings and teaching them healthy ways to express emotions.

Developmental Strategy: Atypical Families should consult with a child psychologist or counselor if they observe persistent atypical emotional behaviors in their child.

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Study Notes & Homework Samples: A 78-year-old female comes to your office escorted by a neighbor »Discuss challenging behavior in young children