Posted: May 31st, 2023

Analyzes Role of Humans in the Spread of Disease

Analyzes Role of Humans in the Spread of Disease

INTRODUCTION

Throughout history, societies have struggled to understand and contain the spread of highly infectious diseases. While more efficient modes of transportation allowed civilizations to be more interconnected, these advances allowed pathogens to spread beyond local communities and develop into pandemics. Two of the most devastating pandemics in history were the Black Death in the 14th century and the influenza pandemic in 1918. Both resulted in the death of millions of people and had social, economic, and political effects.

In this task, you will examine the causes of the Black Death and the 1918 influenza pandemic. You will also analyze the role humans played in the spread of these diseases as well as the response to them.

REQUIREMENTS

Your submission must be your original work. No more than a combined total of 30% of the submission and no more than a 10% match to any one individual source can be directly quoted or closely paraphrased from sources, even if cited correctly. The similarity report that is provided when you submit your task can be used as a guide.

You must use the rubric to direct the creation of your submission because it provides detailed criteria that will be used to evaluate your work. Each requirement below may be evaluated by more than one rubric aspect. The rubric aspect titles may contain hyperlinks to relevant portions of the course.

Tasks may not be submitted as cloud links, such as links to Google Docs, Google Slides, OneDrive, etc., unless specified in the task requirements. All other submissions must be file types that are uploaded and submitted as attachments (e.g., .docx, .pdf, .ppt).

A. Analyze the causes and responses to the Black Death (suggested length of 1–2 pages) by doing the following:

1. Describe the causes of the Black Death.

2. Explain how humans contributed to the spread of the Black Death.

3. Describe the responses to the Black Death.

B. Analyze the causes and responses to the 1918 influenza pandemic (suggested length of 1–2 pages) by doing the following:

1. Describe the causes of the 1918 influenza pandemic.

2. Explain how humans contributed to the spread of the influenza virus in 1918.

3. Describe the responses to the 1918 influenza pandemic.

C. Acknowledge sources, using in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized.

D. Demonstrate professional communication in the content and presentation of your submission.

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A. Causes and Responses to the Black Death

The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The bacteria were transmitted to humans by fleas that lived on infected rats. The disease originated in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia and spread along trade routes to Europe, reaching Constantinople in 1347. From there, it quickly spread to other parts of Europe and Asia.

Humans played a significant role in the spread of the Black Death. As trade routes expanded, merchants and travelers carried infected rats and fleas with them, unknowingly spreading the disease. The crowded and unsanitary conditions of cities at the time also contributed to the rapid spread of the disease. In addition, people had little understanding of the disease’s causes or how it was transmitted, and as a result, they had no effective means of containing its spread.

Responses to the Black Death varied depending on the region and the social class of the population. Some people turned to religion, believing that the disease was a punishment from God. Others blamed Jews or foreigners for the outbreak and attacked them. Some individuals attempted to flee affected areas, while others turned to folk medicine or unproven remedies. Public health measures, such as quarantine and sanitation, were not yet established, and medical treatments, such as bleeding or using leeches, were ineffective. It wasn’t until the 19th century that the bacterium that caused the disease was discovered, and effective antibiotics were developed.

B. Causes and Responses to the 1918 Influenza Pandemic

The 1918 influenza pandemic, also known as the Spanish Flu, was caused by the H1N1 virus. It is estimated that the virus infected one-third of the world’s population and resulted in the deaths of at least 50 million people. The origin of the virus is not entirely clear, but it is believed to have originated in birds before jumping to humans.

Humans played a significant role in the spread of the influenza virus in 1918. World War I created conditions that allowed the virus to spread rapidly. Soldiers living in close quarters and traveling between countries facilitated the virus’s spread, as did the movement of civilian populations. Poor sanitation and hygiene also contributed to the disease’s spread, as

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