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Posted: October 18th, 2023
How does living in a community affect child development?
How does living in a community affect child development?
Child development is a complex and dynamic process that involves biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors. One of the most influential factors is the community in which the child lives. The community can provide various resources, opportunities, challenges, and risks that can shape the child’s development in positive or negative ways.
According to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, the community is part of the exosystem, which consists of the settings that indirectly affect the child, such as the parents’ workplace, neighborhood, school, and media. The community can also influence the microsystem, which consists of the settings that directly involve the child, such as the family, peers, and teachers. The community can affect the quality and quantity of interactions, relationships, and activities that the child experiences in these settings.
Some of the ways that the community can affect child development are:
– Providing access to health care, education, recreation, and social services that can enhance the child’s physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development.
– Offering diverse cultural, linguistic, religious, and ethnic backgrounds that can expose the child to different perspectives, values, beliefs, and practices that can enrich the child’s identity and worldview.
– Creating a sense of belonging, safety, and support that can foster the child’s self-esteem, resilience, and well-being.
– Promoting civic engagement, social responsibility, and environmental awareness that can encourage the child to develop prosocial skills, attitudes, and behaviors.
– Presenting challenges, conflicts, and risks that can test the child’s coping skills, problem-solving abilities, and moral reasoning.
However, not all communities are equally beneficial for child development. Some communities may lack adequate resources, opportunities, or diversity. Some communities may have high levels of poverty, violence, crime, or discrimination. Some communities may have low levels of social cohesion, trust, or participation. These factors can create stressors, barriers, or threats that can hinder the child’s development or expose the child to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).
Therefore, it is important to understand how different aspects of the community can affect child development and to identify the strengths and needs of each community. This can help to design and implement effective interventions and policies that can support and enhance the development of children in different communities.
References:
Bronfenbrenner U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.
Coulton C.J., Theodos B., & Turner M.A. (2012). Residential mobility and neighborhood change: Real neighborhoods under the microscope. Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research 14(3), 55-89.
Masten A.S., & Obradović J. (2006). Competence and resilience in development. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1094(1), 13-27.
Ungar M., Ghazinour M., & Richter J. (2013). Annual research review: What is resilience within the social ecology of human development? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 54(4), 348-366.
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