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Posted: April 29th, 2018
The Effect of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs on Opioid Abuse
Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are state-operated electronic databases that track prescriptions patients receive for opioids or other medications that are at risk of being misused . PDMPs aim to increase patient safety by ensuring that opioids are prescribed in appropriate quantities and by identifying patients who may be at risk for overdose or substance use disorder . PDMPs also provide health authorities with timely information about prescribing and patient behaviors that contribute to the opioid epidemic and facilitate a targeted response .
However, the effectiveness of PDMPs at reducing opioid-related harms and consequences is not well established. A systematic review of 22 studies found limited evidence to support overall associations between PDMPs and reductions in opioid-related consequences, such as illicit and problematic use, treatment admissions, overdose deaths, and crime . The review also noted that the studies varied widely in their methods, outcomes, and quality, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Moreover, the review highlighted that PDMPs are not a standalone intervention, but rather a component of a comprehensive strategy to address the opioid crisis, which may include other policies and programs that influence opioid prescribing and use .
Some promising features of PDMPs that may enhance their impact on opioid abuse include universal use, real-time data, active management, and easy access and integration . Universal use refers to policies that require providers to check the PDMP before prescribing certain controlled substances and in certain circumstances. Real-time data refers to the frequency of data submission from pharmacies to the PDMP, which can range from monthly to under five minutes. Active management refers to the use of PDMP data by state health departments to understand the behavior of the epidemic and inform and evaluate interventions, as well as to send proactive reports to authorized users to protect patients at high risk and identify inappropriate prescribing trends. Easy access and integration refers to the steps taken by states to make PDMPs easier to use and access by providers, such as integrating them into electronic health record systems, permitting delegation of access to other allied health professionals, and streamlining the registration process .
In conclusion, PDMPs are a valuable tool for improving opioid prescribing practices and protecting patients at risk. However, their effectiveness at reducing opioid-related harms and consequences is not well established and may depend on various factors, such as their design, implementation, and integration with other interventions. Continued state-level evaluation of PDMPs can lead to greater identification and implementation of promising practices.
References
: CDC. Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs). https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/healthcare-professionals/pdmps.html
: GAO. Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs: Views on Usefulness and Challenges of Programs. https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-21-22
: CDC. help write my research paper Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs). https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/pdmp/index.html
: Rhodes E., Wilson M., Robinson A., Hayden J.A., Asbridge M. The effectiveness of prescription drug monitoring programs at reducing opioid-related harms and consequences: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 19, 784 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4642-8
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